249
Welding
processes
Description
Power supply
Application
Gas
welding
Gas welding
burning oxygen + acetylene (hydrogen, propane, butane)
with neutral, acetylene-rich or oxygen-rich flame depending
on the mixing ratio (>3000°C)
heat from
thermochemical
reaction (oxidation)
steel, bronze, zinc, lead,
aluminum; cast iron;
copper
Electrical arc welding
processes
Arc welding with
coated electrode
MMA (Manual Metal Arc Welding) different kinds of electrodes with
various coatings (e.g. iron oxide, iron manganese oxide, rutile, cellulose)
heat from electrical arc
ferro-alloys, construction
steelwork, repair work
Consumable
electrode,
inert shielding gas
MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding, e.g. effective
solid wire electrode with argon shielding gas (>4000°C)
heat from electrical arc
alloy steel, light metals and
non-ferrous metals
Consumable
electrode, active
shielding gas
MAG (Metal Active Gas) welding, e.g. effective solid wire electrode
with CO
2
shielding gas
heat from electrical arc unalloyed and mild steel
Tungsten electrode,
inert shielding gas
AWI or TIG high quality, no-slag welds with argon shielding gas
heat from electrical arc
stainless alloy steel, light and
special metals
Other fusion welding pro-
cesses
Submerged arc
welding
SAW automated process, a wire feeder gets the burning
arc underneath the granulated flux
heat from electrical arc
pressurized vessels,
heavy structures
Plasma arc welding
PAW with two different gases, the electrical arc flows through a narrow
nozzle and the gases get ionized with the release of intense heat
(>10000°C)
heat from electric
plasma arc
various metals and their alloys,
e.g. aviation, chemical industry
Electron beam
welding
the work piece is melt as a result of the energy transferred
into heat upon the impact of high-velocity electrons (105 km/s)
particle radiation
(electron)
it is practically suitable for
joining any material
Laser beam welding
welding without direct contact with the emission of
high-energy light pulses
photon radiation
(monochrome laser
beam)
spot welding thin materials
Resistance welding
processes
Electrical resistance
welding
high amperage (3000–15000A), low voltage (1–10V) current generates
heat for the weld due to contact resistance
heat from electrical
resistance
(current flow)
butt-welding, spot-welding
and seam-welding
High-frequency
induction welding
high current density and shallow penetration at the contact points
heat from electrical
resistance (current
induction)
butt-welding of tubes
with longitudinal joints
Ultrasonic welding
vibrations generated by ultrasound fray metallic surfaces
into each other under low pressure
energy from mechanical
friction (micro)
most malleable metals
Friction welding
heat is generated below melting point by frictional or automatic rotating
movement, and a joint is created under high pressure
energy from mechanical
friction (macro)
aluminum sheets and
alloys, lead, magnesium
Solid-state welding
processes
Cold welding
weld is created as a result of pressure in excess of the yield point
energy from mechanical
warping (cold forming)
joining aluminum
and copper parts
Explosion welding
workpieces are joined together as a result of shock waves
generated by surface explosives
energy from mechanical
warping (pressure)
bimetals, special steel, alloys
Forge welding
joining parts stacked on top of each other and heated to about 1300°C
and subjected to external impact
heat from
thermochemical
transport (diffusion)
welding mild steel
Thermite welding
iron is melted through an exothermic reaction triggered
by setting fire to thermite powder containing aluminum
heat from
thermochemical reaction
(reduction)
joining rails
66918
66966
• transparent orange protective curtain to isolate designated
welding work area • filters harmful radiations and their reflections
during arc welding • facilitates parallel work
•
66918:
1,3 x 1,8 m •
66924:
2,1 x 2,0 m •
66944:
2,1 x 4,0 m
EU standard: EN1598
WELDING CURTAIN
66918-944
• delayed ignition, strong, spark-proof black sheet fabric
• 150 cm wide, warp-knitted material, 640 g/m
2
, high tensile
strength • size: retainer ring on ever linear meter and
retainer ring on every 25 cm on the chosen side
WELDING SHEET
66966
PROCESSES
